E-learning
E-learning, also known as online learning, is one form of educational technology where teaching and learning is facilitated and supported through the use of information and communication technology (ICT). Some of the ICTs that could be used for e-learning include;
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Desktop and laptop computers
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Learning management systems
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Software
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Interactive whiteboards
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Digital cameras
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Mobile and wireless tools, including mobile phones;
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Electronic communication tools, including email, discussion boards, chat facilities and video conferencing
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Virtual learning environments
The following table provides a definition of e-learning, examples of technologies used in e-learning, and how these can be utilised.
Table 1 A representation of a definition of e-learning
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(A) INDIVIDUAL SELF STUDY
Computer-based nstruction/Learning/Training (CBI/L/T)
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(B) GROUP COLLABORATIVE
Computer-mediated Communication (CMC)
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(1) ONLINE STUDY
Synchronous Communication (“REAL-TIME”)
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Surfing the internet, accessing websites to obtain information or to learn (knowledge or skill) (Following up a WebQuest)
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Chat rooms with/out video (IRC; Electronic whiteboards) Audio/Video-conferencing (CUSeeMe; Netmeeting)
Instant Messaging
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(2) OFFLINE STUDY
Asynchronous Communication (“FLEXI-TIME”)
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Using stand-alone courseware/Downloading materials from the internet for later local study (LOD – Learning object download)
Email. Bulletin boards, discussion boards, moderated commenting systems
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Asynchronous communication by e-mail, discussion lists or a Learning Management System (WebCT; Blackboard etc)
(Social software)
Wikis, blogs, document management systems, Flickr, YouTube, Stickam
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Source: Romiszowski, (2004: 6)
Table 1 demonstrates that e-learning can be an individual or collaborative activity, and that it can take place synchronously or asynchronously. This table has been modified to include social software and mobile learning tools not included in Romiszowski’s original representation. The modifications are distinguished in italics.