Title: Guidance and Counseling
Course: EPS 201: PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING (B) > Section: Lesson Twelve: Guidance and Counseling

Guidance and Counseling

Topic-level overview | Topic/week/section | 12.
Topic name: | Guidance and Counseling
Aim of the topic: | The aim of the topic is to introduce you to the concepts of guidance and counselling and their principles as well as areas that require guidance and counselling in a school set up.
This topic covers:
1. Principles of guidance and counseling.
2. Key  areas of guidance and counseling in schools
3. Role of guidance and counselling in schools
Intended learning outcomes:
At the end of this topic, you will be able to:

1. Differentiate between the principles of guidance and counseling.
2. Summarize the key  areas of guidance and counseling in schools
3. Evaluate the role of guidance and counselling in schools

Overview of student activity

Overview of student activity: | The learning tasks in e-tivities 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3 will require you to utilize the links provided for the slides and online module in order to successfully answer the questions given and also to help you achieve the topic learning outcomes.

Constructive alignment of topic level outcomes with module level outcomes, learning activities and assessment

Constructive alignment of topic level outcomes with module level outcomes, learning activities and assessment
Intended topic learning outcomes: | No of module-level outcome | Activity where students engage with this outcome | Where and how is this outcome assessed?
At the end of this topic, you will be able to:
1. Differentiate between  the principles of guidance and counseling. | 3 & 4 | E-tivity 12.1 | Short answer question in the LMS
1. Summarize the key  areas of guidance and counseling in schools | 3 & 4 | E-tivity 12.2 | Short answer question in the LMS
1. Evaluate the role of guidance and counselling in schools | 3 & 4 | E-tivity 12.3 | Essay question in the LMS

Module-level outcomes addressed:

Module-level outcomes addressed:
Topic  12 addresses module-level learning outcomes 3 & 4
Purpose of the topic/week/section:
The purpose of this topic is to equip you with skills and competences as a facilitator of learning to be able to help learners acquire desirable behaviour patterns and  handle problem situations more effectively through guidance and counselling.
Over to you:
Guidance and counseling are terms that have been used differently and sometimes interchangeably. Basically, guidance is used more in educational settings while counseling is used when dealing with problems at intrapersonal, interpersonal and group levels. The term guidance is used to imply; advising, directing, helping or steering the individual in the right direction. For this reason guidance refers to broad area of educational activities and services that are aimed at assisting learners to carry out adequate plans, achieve satisfactory adjustment in school and achieve desired academic goals. On the other hand,  counseling which is  a professional helping service implies providing a learning situation, helping an individual to know himself, his present and possible future situations so as to make use of his potentialities in a way that is satisfying to him and beneficial to society.
Pre-topic activity: | Number of hours | 30 minutes
In this pre-topic activity, you will work in pairs.Think of a behavioural problems that are faced by the youth in the modern society.

1. Prepare a list of these problems and post your answer to the discussion forum 12.0.
2. Compare your list with the answers posted by your colleagues, identify and write down the common problems listed and post the new list of common problems in discussion forum 12.0.
Face to face time: | Number of hours | 2 hours
Before going online, the moderator is expected to;

1. Introduce learners to the concept of guidance and counselling with special attention to its importance in the contemporary society.
2. Discuss with learners the differences between guidance and counselling

Module-level outcomes addressed:

Module-level outcomes addressed:
Topic  12 addresses module-level learning outcomes 3 & 4
Purpose of the topic/week/section:
The purpose of this topic is to equip you with skills and competences as a facilitator of learning to be able to help learners acquire desirable behaviour patterns and  handle problem situations more effectively through guidance and counselling.
Over to you:
Guidance and counseling are terms that have been used differently and sometimes interchangeably. Basically, guidance is used more in educational settings while counseling is used when dealing with problems at intrapersonal, interpersonal and group levels. The term guidance is used to imply; advising, directing, helping or steering the individual in the right direction. For this reason guidance refers to broad area of educational activities and services that are aimed at assisting learners to carry out adequate plans, achieve satisfactory adjustment in school and achieve desired academic goals. On the other hand,  counseling which is  a professional helping service implies providing a learning situation, helping an individual to know himself, his present and possible future situations so as to make use of his potentialities in a way that is satisfying to him and beneficial to society.
Pre-topic activity: | Number of hours | 30 minutes
In this pre-topic activity, you will work in pairs.Think of a behavioural problems that are faced by the youth in the modern society.

1. Prepare a list of these problems and post your answer to the discussion forum 12.0.
2. Compare your list with the answers posted by your colleagues, identify and write down the common problems listed and post the new list of common problems in discussion forum 12.0.
Face to face time: | Number of hours | 2 hours
Before going online, the moderator is expected to;

1. Introduce learners to the concept of guidance and counselling with special attention to its importance in the contemporary society.
2. Discuss with learners the differences between guidance and counselling

E-tivity 12.1

Online activity: | Number of hours | 1 hour
What should students do?
E-tivity 12.1

Read this book chapter and the slides then;

1. Differentiate between the principles  of  guidance and counseling and share your answer with your collegues in discussion forum 12.1
2. Comment on the posts from your colleagues with a view to improving them and post the comments in discussion forum 12.1
Where do they do it? | Discussion forum 12.1.
By when should they do it? | By the end of the end of the 2^nd day of the week.
E-moderator/tutor role
1. Summarize the threads
2. Give feedback on the progress of the discussion
3. Close the discussion forum

How are the learning outcomes in this topic assessed? | Number of hours | 30 minutes
The assessment will be done through short answer questions
How does this section link to other sections of the module?
It links to  other sections in this topic by helping in understanding the concept in the succeeding sections.

E-tivity 12.2

Online activity: | Number of hours | 1 hour
What should students do?
E-tivity 12.2

1. Identify two of your colleagues and read the module on guidance and counselling (pages 59-62; 97-98).
2. Based on your personal experiences and knowledge gained from the module, work together to summarize the key areas  of guidance and counseling in schools and post your answers to group discussion forum 12.2
Where do they do it? | Discussion forum 12.2.
By when should they do it? | By the end of the end of the 4^th day of the week.
E-moderator/tutor role
1. Summarize the points
2. Give feedback on the learning progress
3. Close the discussion forum

How are the learning outcomes in this topic assessed? | Number of hours | 30 minutes
The assessment will be done through short answer questions
How does this section link to other sections of the module?
It links to  other sections in this topic by helping in understanding the concept in the succeeding sections.

E-tivity 12.3

Online activity: | Number of hours | 1 hour
What should students do?
E-tivity 12.3

1. Read the module on guidance and counselling (pages 59-62; 97-98).
2. With the colleagues identified in E-tivity 12.2, use the knowledge gained from the pages that you have read to evaluate the goals of guidance and counseling in schools.Post your answers on the discussion forum 12.3.
Where do they do it? | Discussion forum 12.3.
By when should they do it? | By the end of the end of the 6^th day of the week.
E-moderator/tutor role
1. Summarize the points
2. Give feedback on the learning progress
3. Close the discussion forum
How are the learning outcomes in this topic assessed? | Number of hours | 30 minutes
The assessment will be done through essay test
How does this section link to other sections of the module?
It links to  other sections in this topic by helping in understanding the theories of counseling

= Total number of hours | 7 hours

Some important questions

Some important questions
Which learning resources/ references will scaffold the students’ learning? | The module, the e-books provided on the link and slide share.
How are students enabled to access the resources? | Through the institutional LMS and OER Africa website
Where in this topic are students expected to work collaboratively? | In the discussion board 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3
How has an inclusive approach been incorporated in this topic? | Varied activities for the learners
How will feedback on topic be obtained from students? | Online posts in discussion board.
How will student feedback be used to improve topic? | The e-moderator will consider the feedback from students to ascertain whether they have mastered the content for appropriate interventions where necessary.
At which point(s) will students receive formative feedback on the work they have done in the topic? | By the end of the 12^th  week

Question 1

Differentiate between the principles of guidance and counseling

Guidance to Question 1

Response to this question should clearly bring out the differences in principles of guidance and counseling and the learners should specify the answers accordingly

Principles of guidance

- The principle of continuity.
- The principle of responsibility.
- Principle of holistic development.
- The principle of cooperation not compulsion
- Principle of individual needs.
- The principle of human uniqueness.

Principles of counseling

- The principle of client-centeredness
- Principle of voluntary relationship.
- Principle of uniqueness of counseling techniques and skills

Question 2

Summarize the key areas of guidance and counseling in schools

Guidance to Question 2

The learner is expected to identify key areas where an educational institution provides guidance and counseling. The learner should clearly give reasons why these areas are key in an educational setting. These area include:

- Academic
- Career guidance
- Leisure/moral
- Personal/Social
- Health

Question 3

Evaluate the role of guidance and counselling in schools

Guidance to Question 3

This is an open ended question and therefore the learner is expected identify at least four roles and give in details the effectiveness of each role to the learners. Response to this question may include:

- It prepares learners for life challenges related to academic, career and personal/social
- development
- It complements classroom activities and takes care of those needs that cannot be met in a classroom situation
- It facilitates career exploration and development
- It develops decision making and problem solving skills
- It assists in acquiring knowledge of self and others
- It enhances personal development
- It assists in developing effective interpersonal relationship skills