The main objectives of this study were to: * To provide an analytical review, drawn from current research, state-of-the art knowledge of IPR issues in Africa; * To review current IPR practices and to identify the conceptual issues and challenges for policy formulation and implementation of an effective IP regime in selected countries, in the light of evolving international policies and practices; * To contribute to the design of instruments, processes and procedures that allow African countries to better profit from global opportunities.